Mean levels of health-associated species or species groups in primary teeth determined by a reverse-capture checkerboard assay for 15 subjects with caries (green bars) and 14 healthy controls (white bars). *, P ≤ 0.05 for pairwise comparisons of the healthy group to other groups by PROC MIXED. P indicates the overall P value comparing all groups and sites by PROC MIXED. Strep., Streptococcus; Porphyrom., Porphyromonas; Eubact., Eubacterium; Capnocyto., Capnocytophaga; Fusobact., Fusobacterium; cl., clone.