TABLE 3.
Clinical and bedside stool characteristics as Campylobacter diagnostic modalitiesa
| Finding | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | NPV (%) | PPV (%) | LR+ | LR− | AUC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diarrhea frequency (past 24 h) | |||||||
| 6-9 loose stools | 53 (44, 63) | 67 (54, 77) | 47 (37, 57) | 72 (61, 81) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.3) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) | 0.60 (0.51, 0.68) |
| ≥10 loose stools | 32 (23, 41) | 87 (76, 94) | 44 (36, 53) | 80 (64, 90) | 2.4 (1.2, 4.7) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.59 (0.51, 0.68) |
| Gross blood in stools | 20 (13, 29) | 97 (89, 100) | 42 (34, 50) | 92 (72, 99) | 6.5 (1.6, 27) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.58 (0.50, 0.67) |
| Abdominal cramps | 89 (82, 94) | 16 (9, 28) | 48 (27, 69) | 64 (56, 71) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.4) | 0.53 (0.44, 0.62) |
| Vomiting (absence of finding) | 27 (19, 36) | 90 (79, 95) | 42 (34, 51) | 81 (64, 91) | 2.5 (1.2, 5.5) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.58 (0.50, 0.67) |
| Fever (by report) | 64 (54, 72) | 72 (60, 82) | 54 (44, 65) | 79 (69, 87) | 2.3 (1.5, 3.4) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.7) | 0.68 (0.60, 0.76) |
| Oral temp ≥100°F | 33 (24, 42) | 93 (83, 97) | 46 (37, 54) | 88 (74, 96) | 4.5 (1.9, 11) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.8) | 0.63 (0.55, 0.71) |
| Occult blood testing positive | 47 (37, 57) | 86 (74, 93) | 48 (38, 57) | 85 (73, 93) | 3.3 (1.7, 6.2) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.66 (0.58, 0.74) |
| Opaque/watery liquid stool | 45 (36, 55) | 72 (60, 82) | 45 (35, 54) | 73 (60, 82) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.5) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.59 (0.50, 0.67) |
| Dysentery/documented fever | 48 (38, 57) | 89 (79, 95) | 50 (41, 60) | 88 (77, 95) | 4.5 (2.2, 9.3) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.69 (0.61, 0.76) |
| Dysentery/documented fever or occult blood testing positive | 63 (53, 72) | 79 (67, 88) | 55 (44, 65) | 84 (74, 91) | 3.1 (1.9, 5.1) | 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) | 0.71 (0.65, 0.79) |
a
Abbreviations: NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; LR+, positive likelihood ratio; LR−, negative likelihood ratio; AUC, area under the ROC curve (AUC values represent true positive rate/true negative rate ratios). The data in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.