(A) Schematic representation of the α-glucosidase gene environment in T. thermophilus strains HB7 and HB8 (http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg/catalog/org_list.html) and in GK24 (2); (B) strain HB27 α-glucosidase gene disruption with the kanamycin resistance cassette and representation of primers 27vegFw/kan2, AG1/kan2, AG1/AG2, and kan1/27mtRv used to confirm the expected mutation. treS, trehalose synthase gene; otsB, trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase gene; A′, partial trehalose-phosphate synthase; “ATP ppase,” putative ATP pyrophosphatase gene; “MTase,” putative methyltransferase gene; “trcp reg,” putative transcriptional regulator gene.