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Swelling of dissolving microneedle patch backing layer after insertion into skin using a Franz cell. (a) A patch of CMC pyramidal microneedles containing sulforhodamine inserted into skin for 15 h shows extensive swelling of the backing layer. (b) A backing layer of CMC that contains no microneedles (negative control) placed on the surface of skin for 15 h shows little swelling. Human epidermis was used. Imaging was by brightfield microscopy.
