Activation of Stat1 and Stat3 by PV treatment of cells. EMSA was performed using an acute phase responsive element probe and whole cell extract (WCE) prepared from U1A (lacking Tyk2), U3A (lacking Stat1), U4A (lacking Jak1), 2fTGH (parental control for U1A, U3A and U4A), γ2 (lacking Jak2), 2C4 (parental control for γ2), or Daudi cells treated with 200 μM of PV for 30 min or left untreated. The DNA–protein complexes were resolved in a 6% native polyacryamide gel. The U3A cell extract was used as a positive control for Stat3 activation by PV.