Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Clinical Microbiology logoLink to Journal of Clinical Microbiology
. 1997 Dec;35(12):3348–3350. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.12.3348-3350.1997

Unique organization of the CTX genetic element in Vibrio cholerae O139 strains which reemerged in Calcutta, India, in September 1996.

C Sharma 1, S Maiti 1, A K Mukhopadhyay 1, A Basu 1, I Basu 1, G B Nair 1, R Mukhopadhyaya 1, B Das 1, S Kar 1, R K Ghosh 1, A Ghosh 1
PMCID: PMC230184  PMID: 9399556

Abstract

We studied the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the rRNA gene and CTX genetic element in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal, which resurged in Calcutta in September 1996 after a gap of 32 months. While the strains from this resurgence were indistinguishable from the earlier strains by ribotyping, the structure of the CTX genetic element present in the current O139 strains was found to be unconventional.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (294.1 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Brosius J., Ullrich A., Raker M. A., Gray A., Dull T. J., Gutell R. R., Noller H. F. Construction and fine mapping of recombinant plasmids containing the rrnB ribosomal RNA operon of E. coli. Plasmid. 1981 Jul;6(1):112–118. doi: 10.1016/0147-619x(81)90058-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Faruque S. M., Ahmed K. M., Abdul Alim A. R., Qadri F., Siddique A. K., Albert M. J. Emergence of a new clone of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor displacing V. cholerae O139 Bengal in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Mar;35(3):624–630. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.3.624-630.1997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Gennaro M. L., Greenaway P. J., Broadbent D. A. The expression of biologically active cholera toxin in Escherichia coli. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Aug 25;10(16):4883–4890. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.16.4883. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Kaper J. B., Bradford H. B., Roberts N. C., Falkow S. Molecular epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in the U.S. Gulf Coast. J Clin Microbiol. 1982 Jul;16(1):129–134. doi: 10.1128/jcm.16.1.129-134.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Kaper J. B., Nataro J. P., Roberts N. C., Siebeling R. J., Bradford H. B. Molecular epidemiology of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio mimicus in the U.S. Gulf Coast region. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Mar;23(3):652–654. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.3.652-654.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Mekalanos J. J. Duplication and amplification of toxin genes in Vibrio cholerae. Cell. 1983 Nov;35(1):253–263. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90228-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Mitra R., Basu A., Dutta D., Nair G. B., Takeda Y. Resurgence of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal with altered antibiogram in Calcutta, India. Lancet. 1996 Oct 26;348(9035):1181–1181. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65326-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Mukhopadhyay A. K., Garg S., Mitra R., Basu A., Rajendran K., Dutta D., Bhattacharya S. K., Shimada T., Takeda T., Takeda Y. Temporal shifts in traits of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Calcutta: a 3-year (1993 to 1995) analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Oct;34(10):2537–2543. doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.10.2537-2543.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Nair G. B., Ramamurthy T., Bhattacharya S. K., Mukhopadhyay A. K., Garg S., Bhattacharya M. K., Takeda T., Shimada T., Takeda Y., Deb B. C. Spread of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal in India. J Infect Dis. 1994 May;169(5):1029–1034. doi: 10.1093/infdis/169.5.1029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Pajni S., Sharma C., Bhasin N., Ghosh A., Ramamurthy T., Nair G. B., Ramajayam S., Das B., Kar S., Roychowdhury S. Studies on the genesis of Vibrio cholerae O139: identification of probable progenitor strains. J Med Microbiol. 1995 Jan;42(1):20–25. doi: 10.1099/00222615-42-1-20. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Pearson G. D., Woods A., Chiang S. L., Mekalanos J. J. CTX genetic element encodes a site-specific recombination system and an intestinal colonization factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Apr 15;90(8):3750–3754. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.8.3750. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Popovic T., Bopp C., Olsvik O., Wachsmuth K. Epidemiologic application of a standardized ribotype scheme for Vibrio cholerae O1. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Sep;31(9):2474–2482. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.9.2474-2482.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ramamurthy T., Garg S., Sharma R., Bhattacharya S. K., Nair G. B., Shimada T., Takeda T., Karasawa T., Kurazano H., Pal A. Emergence of novel strain of Vibrio cholerae with epidemic potential in southern and eastern India. Lancet. 1993 Mar 13;341(8846):703–704. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)90480-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Sharma C., Nair G. B., Mukhopadhyay A. K., Bhattacharya S. K., Ghosh R. K., Ghosh A. Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor strains isolated between 1992 and 1995 in Calcutta, India: evidence for the emergence of a new clone of the El Tor biotype. J Infect Dis. 1997 May;175(5):1134–1141. doi: 10.1086/516453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Trucksis M., Galen J. E., Michalski J., Fasano A., Kaper J. B. Accessory cholera enterotoxin (Ace), the third toxin of a Vibrio cholerae virulence cassette. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Jun 1;90(11):5267–5271. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.11.5267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Waldor M. K., Mekalanos J. J. Emergence of a new cholera pandemic: molecular analysis of virulence determinants in Vibrio cholerae O139 and development of a live vaccine prototype. J Infect Dis. 1994 Aug;170(2):278–283. doi: 10.1093/infdis/170.2.278. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Yamasaki S., Nair G. B., Bhattacharya S. K., Yamamoto S., Kurazono H., Takeda Y. Cryptic appearance of a new clone of Vibrio cholerae serogroup 01 biotype El Tor in Calcutta, India. Microbiol Immunol. 1997;41(1):1–6. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01165.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Clinical Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES