Table 6.
Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence limits for the associations between participant characteristics, endogenous hormones, and incontinence, vaginal dryness, and vaginal discharge
| Incontinence | Vaginal dryness | Vaginal discharge | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | OR (95% CI)a | n | OR (95% CI)a | n | OR (95% CI)a | |
| Age (years) | 22.8 | 1.00 (ref) | 19.0 | 1.00 (ref) | 28.3 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 45 to 49 | 20.8 | 0.82 (0.52, 1.31) | 25.5 | 1.47 (0.94, 2.31) | 22.8 | 0.73 (0.48, 1.12) |
| 50 to 54 | ||||||
| Race | 22.6 | 1.00 (ref) | 20.7 | 1.00 (ref) | 25.6 | 1.00 (ref) |
| White | 19.1 | 0.55 (0.28, 1.07) | 23.5 | 1.25 (0.67, 2.33) | 31.4 | 1.23 (0.70, 2.17) |
| Black | 10.0 | 0.41 (0.05, 3.54) | 20.0 | 0.63 (0.08, 5.28) | 30.0 | 0.71 (0.14, 3.57) |
| Other | ||||||
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Single | 19.7 | 1.00 (ref) | 15.4 | 1.00 (ref) | 31.2 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Married or w/partner | 21.6 | 0.75 (0.37, 1.51) | 23.1 | 1.64 (0.80, 3.40) | 24.8 | 0.67 (0.37, 1.23) |
| Other | 25.2 | 0.96 (0.44, 2.11) | 19.0 | 1.06 (0.47, 2.41) | 29.0 | 0.87 (0.44, 1.72) |
| Education | ||||||
| High school or less | 28.3 | 1.00 (ref) | 24.2 | 1.00 (ref) | 31.5 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Some college | 22.5 | 0.79 (0.41, 1.50) | 22.2 | 1.11 (0.58, 2.13) | 21.6 | 0.51 (0.28, 0.93) |
| College graduate | 25.2 | 1.02 (0.53, 1.98) | 19.9 | 0.92 (0.46, 1.84) | 30.6 | 0.85 (0.47, 1.54) |
| Graduate courses | 16.8 | 0.73 (0.38, 1.40) | 20.0 | 0.94 (0.49, 1.81) | 24.9 | 0.65 (0.37, 1.17) |
| Menopausal status | ||||||
| Pre- | 19.5 | 1.00 (ref) | 18.0 | 1.00 (ref) | 26.9 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Peri- | 24.3 | 1.25 (0.79, 1.96) | 22.9 | 1.07 (0.68, 1.69) | 26.3 | 1.06 (0.71, 1.57) |
| Parity | ||||||
| 0 | 16.6 | 1.00 (ref) | 17.7 | 1.00 (ref) | 24.6 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1 | 23.3 | 1.52 (0.75, 3.07) | 23.1 | 1.24 (0.63, 2.46) | 30.2 | 1.48 (0.81, 2.72) |
| 2 | 24.4 | 1.71 (0.92, 3.17) | 22.2 | 1.18 (0.65, 2.15) | 26.9 | 1.32 (0.77, 2.25) |
| 3 or more | 23.5 | 1.71 (0.87, 3.36) | 21.7 | 1.14 (0.59, 2.18) | 24.6 | 1.12 (0.62, 2.02) |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 19.7 | 1.00 (ref) | 20.1 | 1.00 (ref) | 27.9 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Former | 25.2 | 1.18 (0.76, 1.84) | 21.7 | 1.05 (0.60, 1.64) | 24.6 | 0.81 (0.54, 1.22) |
| Current | 22.6 | 0.84 (0.39, 1.82) | 24.5 | 1.33 (0.63, 2.81) | 25.9 | 0.77 (0.38, 1.54) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||||||
| <25 | 14.4 | 1.00 (ref) | 22.2 | 1.00 (ref) | 26.2 | 1.00 (ref) |
| 25 to 29 | 22.3 | 1.40 (0.80, 2.45) | 17.5 | 0.67 (0.39, 1.13) | 28.1 | 1.12 (0.71, 1.77) |
| ≥30 | 33.5 | 2.79 (1.51, 5.14) | 23.3 | 0.84 (0.49, 1.43) | 25.4 | 0.98 (0.60, 1.60) |
| Current alcohol drinker | ||||||
| No | 23.4 | 1.00 (ref) | 23.7 | 1.00 (ref) | 25.5 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 21.5 | 0.92 (0.59, 1.44) | 20.0 | 0.86 (0.55, 1.35) | 26.9 | 1.18 (0.78, 1.80) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| None/light | 22.4 | 1.00 (ref) | 21.8 | 1.00 (ref) | 25.8 | 1.00 (ref) |
| Moderate/heavy | 21.9 | 1.27 (0.82, 1.99) | 20.3 | 0.88 (0.56, 1.37) | 27.3 | 1.06 (0.71, 1.58) |
| Hormone 1b | 1.18 (0.89, 1.56) | 0.90 (0.77, 1.04) | ||||
| Hormone 2c | 1.11 (0.78, 1.57) | 0.83 (0.64, 1.08) | ||||
| Hormone 3d | 0.94 (0.53, 1.69) | |||||
OR = odds ratio; 95% CL = 95% confidence limits; SHBG = sex hormone binding globulin; FEI: free estradiol index; FTI: free testosterone index
a
OR adjusted for other listed covariates
b
Incontinence: FEI; vaginal dryness: progesterone
c
Incontinence: FTI; vaginal dryness: estradiol
d
Incontinence: SHBG