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. 2003 Oct;23(20):7122–7133. doi: 10.1128/MCB.23.20.7122-7133.2003

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Defects in motor neuron and interneuron development in PAK4 knockout embryos. (A to D) Cross sections of different parts of the neural tubes from E9.5 embryos were stained with anti-olig2 (red) and anti-Isl1/2 (green) antibodies. Neural tubes from PAK4 wild-type (+/+) (A and C) and PAK4-null (−/−) (B and D) embryos were analyzed. There were fewer Is1/2-positive cells in the knockouts. Isl1/2-positive cells that were present in the knockouts were not in the correct lateral positions. (E and F) PAK4-deficient cells had increased levels of focal adhesions. Cells isolated from E9.5 PAK4+/+ (E) and PAK4−/− (F) embryos grown on glass coverslips were starved in serum-free medium for 24 h and then subjected to indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using antivinculin antibody. Whereas PAK4+/+ cells only contained low levels of vinculin when grown in serum-free medium, PAK4-null cells had large clusters of vinculin.