Table 2.

Communication and History/Physical Exam Scores by Student Characteristic (N = 135)

	Number of patients	Percent	Mean PPI score	P value	Mean history and physical exam score	P value
Gender				0.05		0.3
Female	78	59	69.0		59.8
Male	57	41	67.5		58.6
Age				0.4		0.6
23–27	95	70	68.6		59.5
28–40	40	30	67.9		58.9
Ethnicity				0.04		0.8
White	64	47	69.4		59.7
Asian/PI	44	33	67.4		59.2
Black	4	3	64.4		57.2
Latino	11	8	67.9		60.4
Other	12	9	68.1		57.4
Primary language childhood				0.002		1.0
English	77	57	69.4		59.3
Other	58	43	67.0		59.3
MCAT verbal				0.04		0.6
5–9	36	26	66.8		58.4
10–11	71	52	68.7		59.7
12–13	28	21	69.4		59.5
USMLE				0.5		0.003
Step 1	135		227.5		227.5
Parent in health profession				0.5		0.3
Yes	40	30	68.7		60.3
No	95	70	68.2		58.9
Family’s economic background				0.7		0.1
Working class	28	21	67.9		57.5
Middle class	67	49	68.4		59.2
Well-to-do	40	30	68.7		60.8
Linguistic diversity childhood				0.3		0.02
Not at all	24	18	66.8		60.8
Minimal	38	28	69.3		58.1
Somewhat	39	29	68.7		61.6
Very	26	19	68.2		56.7
Extremely	8	6	67.9		57.6
Racial diversity childhood				0.7		0.4
Not/Minimal	56	42	68.3		59.3
Somewhat	44	32	68.8		60.3
Very/Extremely	35	26	67.9		58.1
Importance of care for				0.2		0.3
Underserved	32	24			60.3
Somewhat	103	76	69.3		59.0
Extremely			68.1
Lived abroad			69.5
Never, 3 months	30	22	67.7	0.05	58.5	0.1
3 months–1 year	40	29	69.3		60.9
1–3 years	36	27	66.9		59.8
Over 3 years	29	21			57.3
Community service involvement				0.9		0.7
None/a little	18	13	68.0		58.2
Some	48	35	68.4		59.6
A great deal	69	51	68.5		59.4
Humanities vs basic Science				0.5		0.5
Person	33	24			60.3
Mainly science	75	56	69.2		59.3
Balanced	27	20	68.1		58.3
Mainly humanities			68.1

PPI, common ground instrument for physician–patient interaction