Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants in Total Sample and by Resident Specialty
| Characteristic | All residents | Family practice | Internal medicine | Pediatrics | OB/GYN | P value* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | M (SD) | N (%) | M (SD) | N (%) | M (SD) | N (%) | M (SD) | N (%) | M (SD) | ||
| Total | 1,150 | 307 (27) | 271 (23) | 294 (26) | 278 (24) | ||||||
| Demographic variables | |||||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 433 (38) | 133 (43) | 157 (58) | 81 (28) | 62 (22) | ||||||
| Female | 717 (62) | 174 (57) | 114 (42) | 213 (72) | 216 (78) | <.001 | |||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||||||
| White | 664 (59) | 167 (56) | 128 (48) | 182 (63) | 187 (68) | ||||||
| Asian | 236 (21) | 64 (21) | 79 (30) | 56 (19) | 37 (13) | ||||||
| URM† | 225 (20) | 67 (23) | 57 (22) | 50 (17) | 51 (19) | <.001 | |||||
| Training variables | |||||||||||
| Location of medical school‡ | |||||||||||
| USMG | 853 (75) | 205 (68) | 181 (67) | 226 (77) | 241 (87) | ||||||
| IMG | 288 (25) | 97 (32) | 89 (33) | 66 (23) | 36 (13) | <.001 | |||||
| Access to role model in cross-cultural care | |||||||||||
| Yes | 799 (70) | 231 (76) | 174 (64) | 223 (76) | 171 (62) | ||||||
| No | 346 (30) | 72 (24) | 96 (36) | 71 (24) | 107 (38) | <.001 | |||||
| Mean % for cross-cultural case mix during residency§ | 51.39 (19.23) | 48.15 (20.96) | 50.31 (17.97) | 53.61 (17.99) | 53.67 (19.21) | .001 | |||||
| Mean resident-reported instruction in cross-cultural care | 2.66 (0.63) | 2.91 (0.57) | 2.57 (0.60) | 2.66 (0.61) | 2.46 (0.67) | <.001 | |||||
*P values from chi-square analyses and ANOVA comparing family practice, internal medicine, pediatric, and OB/GYN residents
†URM = Underrepresented minorities (African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans)
‡USMG = U.S. medical graduate, IMG = International medical graduate
§Mean percentages ranged from 2.0% to 99.3%, with higher scores indicating greater cross-cultural case mix during residency.