Table 1.

Sequence variation of mtDNA and mtDNA-encoded polypeptides in Hominoidea

Comparison	Nucleotide differences				Amino acid differences*
	Promoters†	12S rRNA	16S rRNA	tRNAs	I	III	IV	V
European–Japanese	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0
European–African	0	6	5	5	0	0	0	0
European–common chimp	2	35	81	59	102	22	19	16
European–pigmy chimp	2	30	95	57	99	24	17	15
European–gorilla	2	33	116	89	127	21	26	21
European–orangutan	4	81	164	155	265	38	54	54
Common chimp–pigmy chimp	2	11	37	31	60	15	5	12
Common chimp–gorilla	1	40	104	89	143	27	22	30
Common chimp–orangutan	6	87	157	153	285	41	53	59

The table, modified from Horai et al. (9), shows a comparison between human mtDNA (European, Japanese, and African) and nonhuman primate mtDNA (common chimpanzee, pigmy chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan). Data are derived from sequences deposited in GeneBank (9, 31). 

^*Amino acid substitutions that have been described as polymorphic in humans (32) were excluded from the analysis. Different subunits of the same oxidative phosphorylation complex (I–V) were pooled. 

^†Promoter regions (33) correspond to human mtDNA positions 396–411 (light-strand promoter) and 554–568 (major heavy-strand promoter).