Podocyte EMT in human diabetic nephropathy. Representative micrographs show the immunohistochemical staining for mesenchymal markers FspI, desmin, and MMP-9, as well as epithelial markers ZO-1 and nephrin, in human kidney sections. Loss of ZO-1 and nephrin and acquisition of FspI, desmin, and MMP-9 were evident in the podocytes of human diabetic kidney, comparing with normal controls. Arrowheads indicate positive staining. Scale bar = 40 μm.