Table 6.

Comparison of the Effects of Viral Infections at E9 and E18 on Exposed Mouse Offspring

	E9				E18
Morphology	P0 a	↑Pyramidal cell density, ↓Pyramidal cell nuclear size			P35 a	Brain atrophy and thinning white matter in corpus callosum
	P98 a	↑Pyramidal cell density, ↑Nonpyramidal cell density, ↓Pyramidal cell nuclear size, ↑Brain area, ↓Ventricular area
Microarray	P0 b	Whole Brain	↑21	↓18	P0 a	PFC	↑43	↓29
	P35 b	Neocortex	↑50	↓21		Hippocampus	↑129	↓46
		Cerebellum	↑103	↓102		Cerebellum	↑120	↓37
	P56 b	Neocortex	↑13	↓11	P14 a	PFC	↑16	↓17
		Cerebellum	↑27	↓23		Hippocampus	↑9	↓12
						Cerebellum	↑11	↓5
					P56 a	PFC	↑86	↓24
						Hippocampus	↑45	↓17
						Cerebellum	↑74	↓22
Behavior	P42-P56 a, b	↓Prepulse inhibition, ↓Statle response, ↓Exploratory behavior, ↓Social interactions			ND
Genes/Proteins	P0	↑nNOS a, ↑SNAP-25 a, ↓Reelin a, ↑GFAP b			P0 a	↑Arhgef9, ↑Arnt, ↑Dapk1, ↑Efnb2, ↑Erbb4, ↑Ivns1abp, ↑Myt1l, ↑Nxph2, ↑Sema3a, ↑Sox2, ↑Trfr2, ↑Foxp2
	P14	↑GFAP a, ↑GAD65 b
	P35	↑nNOS a, ↑GFAP a, ↑GAD65 b, ↑GAD67 b, ↑Foxp2b			P35 a	↑Foxp2
	P56	↓nNOS a, ↑GAD67 b			P56 a	↑Dby, ↑Uty, ↑Foxp2
Neurotransmitters	ND				P14 a	↓5HT, ↓5HIAA
					P35 a	↓5HT, ↓Taurine

ND, not determined; ↑, increase; ↓, decrease

^aC57BL6J mice

^bBalb/c mice.

Data from Fatemi et al, 1998a; Fatemi et al, 1998b, Fatemi et al, 1999; Fatemi et al, 2000; Fatemi et al, 2002a; Fatemi et al, 2002b, Fatemi et al, 2003; Shi et al, 2003; Fatemi et al, 2004; Fatemi et al, 2005; Fatemi et al, 2007a; Fatemi et al, 2007b.