Multi-color flow cytometry demonstrating CD45RO staining is largely restricted to memory CD4 T cells in both neonate (A; GL06, 14 days old) and adult (B; R533, 12 years old) rhesus macaques. Plots were generated by first gating on CD3+ lymphocytes then through CD4 cells, so only CD4+ T cells are shown. A1, B1) Note that CD45RA bright cells generally do not co-localize with CD45RO+ cells. A2, B2) CD45RO+ cells all co-express CD95, and A3, B3) central memory cells (defined here as CD95+CD28+) are mostly CD45RO+, verifying that OPD4+ cells are “memory” cells. Finally, note that adult macaques have an effector memory (CD95+CD28−) population (B3) that is absent in neonates (A3). Interestingly, these cells are CD45RA+ and CD45RO−, suggesting that terminally differentiated memory CD4+ T cells may revert to a CD45RA+ state (see text).