Table 1. The cell state at μ = 2.5 doub/h, 37°C.

State variable	μ (doub/h)	nbulk	nRNAp	nRNAp,free	nribo	nribo,free
Measured value	2.5	5.76·106	11400	890	72000	4700

Cell composition (n_i) was either directly measured or estimated from empirical data and is given in units of molec/cell. Measurement error is expected to be around 15%, mostly due to culture-to-culture variation [17]. More details can be found in Table S2.