Averaged dimer volumes. Averaged 3D volumes of ATP synthase dimers from rat liver (A) and bovine heart membranes (C) in situ. F1 heads are coloured as in Figure 5. In panel A, 235 dimer volumes were averaged. In panel C, 90 volumes of the largest of several classes with different ribbon curvature and, hence, dimer angles were averaged. Contour plots (B, D) of volumes in panels A, C projected in the viewing direction. Scale bar, 20 nm.