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. 2008 Mar 6;27(7):1049–1059. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2008.42

Figure 8.

Figure 8

HSR relieves ER stress through multiple pathways. The ER experiences stress when misfolded proteins are accumulated. In UPR-deficient cells challenged by misfolded proteins, HSR can relieve ER stress by at least three mechanisms. (1) HSR rescues defective protein translocation. (2) HSR promotes disposal of misfolded proteins through ERAD. (3) HSR promotes clearing of misfolded proteins by enhancing the export of some cargo proteins from the ER. We propose that the HSR target Kar2 has an important role in protein translocation and ERAD, and the cargo receptors Erv29 and Emp24 are upregulated during HSR to increase selective ER-to-Golgi transport.