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. 2007 Sep 28;3(9):e134. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030134

Figure 7. Experimental Model: Following HIV-1 Infection, De Novo Synthesized Viral Envelope Induces the Release of M-CSF.

Figure 7

M-CSF opposes TRAIL by suppressing TRAIL-R1 expression and upregulating the anti-apoptotic factors Bfl-1 and Mcl-1. The anti-cancer drug Imatinib disables the protective effect of envelope by inhibiting M-CSF activity. Upon inhibition of M-CSF activity, TRAIL-R1 expression is increased and the action of Bfl-1 and Mcl-1 is blocked by pro-apoptotic bcl-2 family proteins. Further exposure of infected macrophages to Imatinib for several days induces apoptosis in the absence of TRAIL and is associated with increased pro-apoptotic protein expression.