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Effect of ERK 1/2 pathways on anti-inflammatory effect of LPA. Peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with PD98059 (50–100 μM) for 1 h followed by incubation with LPS (10 μg/mL) with or without LPA (10 μM) for 18 h. LPS-induced TNFα production was examined by ELISA. Data represent means ± SE from three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05 compared with basal; #, P < 0.05 compared with LPS group; †, P < 0.05 compared with no pretreatment LPA/LPS group.
