Figure 4.

Magnitudes of myelinated axon degeneration as assessed by teased fiber analysis (a) and ultrastructural quantification of axoglial dysjunction (b), a measure of paranodal degeneration. Note a significantly more severe axonal degeneration in type 1 as compared to type 2 rats. C-peptide treatments from onset of diabetes and as an intervention between 5 and 8 months had significant preventive and corrective effects on axonal degeneration. In (b) type 2 diabetes was not affected by paranodal degeneration in contrast to type 1 diabetes showing profound degeneration. C-peptide treatments had significant preventive and therapeutic effects on paranodal degeneration [17, 39, 47].