Table 1.

The immediate net value of each trial and gain-loss structure in the original IGT and SGT

IGT Serial Numbers	A	B	C	D	SGT	A	B	C	D
1	100	100	50	50	1	200	100	-200	-100
2	100	100	50	50	2	200	100	-200	-100
3	-50	100	0	50	3	200	100	-200	-100
4	100	100	50	50	4	200	100	-200	-100
5	-200	100	0	50	5	-1050	-650	1050	650
6	100	100	50	50	6	200	100	-200	-100
7	-100	100	0	50	7	200	100	-200	-100
8	100	100	50	50	8	200	100	-200	-100
9	-150	-1150	0	50	9	200	100	-200	-100
10	-250	100	0	-200	10	-1050	-650	1050	650
11	100	100	50	50	11	200	100	-200	-100
12	-250	100	25	50	12	200	100	-200	-100
13	100	100	-25	50	13	200	100	-200	-100
14	-150	-1150	50	50	14	200	100	-200	-100
15	-100	100	50	50	15	-1050	-650	1050	650
16	100	100	50	50	16	200	100	-200	-100
17	-200	100	25	50	17	200	100	-200	-100
18	-50	100	-25	50	18	200	100	-200	-100
19	100	100	50	50	19	200	100	-200	-100
20	100	100	0	-200	20	-1050	-650	1050	650
21	100	-1150	50	50	21	200	100	-200	-100
22	-200	100	50	50	22	200	100	-200	-100
23	100	100	50	50	23	200	100	-200	-100
24	-250	100	0	50	24	200	100	-200	-100
25	100	100	25	50	25	-1050	-650	1050	650
26	-100	100	0	50	26	200	100	-200	-100
27	-150	100	50	50	27	200	100	-200	-100
28	-50	100	50	50	28	200	100	-200	-100
29	100	100	-25	-200	29	200	100	-200	-100
30	100	100	0	50	30	-1050	-650	1050	650
31	-250	100	50	50	31	200	100	-200	-100
32	-100	-1150	50	50	32	200	100	-200	-100
33	-150	100	50	50	33	200	100	-200	-100
34	100	100	25	50	34	200	100	-200	-100
35	100	100	25	-200	35	-1050	-650	1050	650
36	100	100	50	50	36	200	100	-200	-100
37	-50	100	-25	50	37	200	100	-200	-100
38	-200	100	50	50	38	200	100	-200	-100
39	100	100	0	50	39	200	100	-200	-100
40	100	100	-25	50	40	-1050	-650	1050	650
Final Outcomes	-1000 ($)	-1000 ($)	+1000 ($)	+1000 ($)	Final Outcomes	-2000 ($)	-2000 ($)	+2000 ($)	+2000 ($)

Note. In these gambling tasks, the internal gamble structure of IGT and SGT and the trial to end the game is unknown to the subjects. The subjects are asked to minimize monetary expenditure and maximize their winnings by choosing one card from the four decks in each trial. In the table, negative values are marked with a bold font size. (Left part: IGT) Deck A contains the relative high-frequency loss, while decks B, C, and D contain the high-frequency gain (net value within each trial). Decks A and B have negative net value (namely, the EV), -250($) over an average of ten trials; moreover, C and D have a positive net value of +250($) over an average of ten trials. (Right part: SGT) Five cumulative trials are repeated for each deck in the Soochow Gambling Task, decks A and B have high-frequency gain, while decks C and D exhibit a reversed gain-loss pattern. The task enlarges the difference between positive and negative EVs to make the difference more noticeable than in the Iowa Gambling Task. While playing this game, subjects only experienced a gain or a loss during each trial, and there was no reciprocal gain-loss within individual trials.