Table 2.

The Use of Invasive Procedures for Stroke Among Veterans by Race

Author, year	Conditions	Subjects (N)	Percent of patients treated per procedure and race group, AA v. white (Hispanic where noted)	Adjusted OR (95%CI) for AA (or Hispanic where noted) v. white race as referent	Treatment disparities present or absent
Oddone, 19935	Stroke or TIA	27,690 white 6,526 AA 1162 Hisp	CA 5.3 v 11, Hisp 8.3 (–) CEA 14.9 v 38.1, Hisp 22.7 (–)	CA: 0.47 (0.42–0.53) Hisp 0.78 (0.63–0.98)	Present
				CEA:0.28 (0.20–0.38) Hisp 0.45 (0.28–0.73)
Oddone, 19996	Stroke or TIA	389 AA 414 white	Ultrasound or CA: 67 v 79 (*)	Ultrasound or CA: 0.67 (0.47–0.94)	Present
			CEA: Appropriate for CE 50 v 67 Uncertain appropriateness 3 v 24	CEA: Appropriate 0.75 (0.40–1.43) Uncertain 0.11 (0.01–0.79)
Oddone, 20027	> = 50% stenosis in a carotid artery	91 AA 617 white	CA 17 v 20 (ns) CEA 14 v 20 (ns)	CEA 1.0 (0.45–2.0)	Absent
Goldstein, 20038	Stroke	255 non-white 520 white	CA non-white 3.1 v white 8.5 (*) CEA non-white 0.8 v white 1.5 (ns)	–	Absent

(–) p value not reported

(*) statistically significant p value

(ns) p value not significant

AA African American, Hisp Hispanic, CA carotid angiography, CEA carotid endarterectomy, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, TIA transient ischemic attack