Figure 6.
Effects of anti-TLR4, nobiletin, and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 production. (A) RT-PCR analysis of LEC. RT-PCR products for LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 mRNA decreased in LEC pretreated with anti-TLR4, nobiletin, and CAPE when compared with LEC with only LPS. MW, molecular weight marker. (B) Real-time quantitative PCR analysis. The pretreatment of LEC by anti-TLR4, nobiletin, and CAPE suppressed LPS-induced mRNA production: IL-6 to 21.5%, 5.5%, and 5.2% levels; IL-8 to 25.4%, 28.9%, and 19.1% levels; VCAM-1 to 24.4%, 11.2%, and 20% levels; and ICAM-1 to 54.4%, 49.8%, and 42.3% levels when compared with LPS-stimulated cells not pretreated. (C) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The pretreatment of LEC by anti-TLR4, nobiletin, and CAPE suppressed LPS-induced protein production: IL-6 to 52.2%, 20%, and 26.7%; IL-8 to 69.3%, 67.9%, and 52.6%; VCAM-1 to 36.1%, 18.1%, and 30.1%; and ICAM-1 to 54.7%, 53.8%, and 45.3% when compared with LPS-stimulated cells not pretreated. Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. *Not significantly different.