Figure 3.

Recovery of γδ T-cell functions by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). (a) Increase in the number of naive CD4⁺ T cells, induced by HAART, from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. *P < 0·05 versus pretherapy (Mann–Whitney U-test). (b) The isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP)-driven [³H]thymidine ([³H]TdR) stimulation indexes (3 months after HAART) or expansion indexes (6 months after HAART) were analysed in eight asymptomatic HIV⁺ persons previously IPP anergic (expansion index < 2·5). (c) The IPP-driven tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production levels are shown for eight asymptomatic IPP-anergic HIV⁺ persons (expansion index < 2·5) before and after 6 months of HAART. (d) The effect of CD45RA depletion on six HIV patients undergoing HAART is shown both at optimal (100 U/ml) and at limiting (5 U/ml) interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentrations. Error bars refer to standard errors. Significances refer to Mann–Whitney U-test results. Undpl., undepleted.