Table 2.
A Comparison of Alternatively Activated and Classically Activated Macrophages
| Parameter | Classicala | Alternativea | Biomaterial Effects (Day 3/Day 10) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LPS & IFN-γ | IL-4 & IL-13 | IL-10 | Hydrophobic | Hydrophilic & Neutral | Hydrophilic & Anionic | & Cationic | |
| Cytokines | |||||||
| IL-1 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ |
| IL-6 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ |
| IL-10 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | |
| IL-12 | ↑ | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ||
| TNF | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Chemokines | |||||||
| IL-8 | ↑ | ↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↑/↓ | |
| MIP-1β | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓/↓ | ↓/↓ | ↑/↓ | ↓/↓ |
| MDC | ↓ | ↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↔/↑ | /↑ | |
| TARC | ↓ | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ||
| Mig | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | |
| RANTES | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ |
| IP-10 | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | |
| ENA-78 | ↑ | ↑/↔ | ↑/↔ | ↔ | |||
| MCP-1 | ↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ||
| MIP-1α | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Eotaxin | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | |||
| Eotaxin-2 | ↓ | ↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↔/↑ | /↑ | |
| GRO | ↑ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | |||
| MMP/TIMP | |||||||
| MMP-9 | ↓ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ||
| TIMP-1 | ↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ||
| TIMP-2 | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | ↑/↑ | |||