Effect of the MAPK inhibitor, PD98059, on LPS-induced ERK1/2 activation in the PVN. Veh (15% DMSO)-treated animals (A), LPS-treated animals (B), and PD98059-treated animals before LPS administration (C). Note attenuated LPS response in the PVN in C. D, Semiquantitative image analysis of the phospho-ERK1/2 immunoreactivity (optical density) in the PVN. *, P < 0.001 compared with Veh and PD98059/LPS groups. Scale bar, 200 μm. III, Third ventricle.