TNF inhibition confers protection in both type 1 and type 2 diabetic animals against diabetes-induced microvascular cell apoptosis. a: The mean number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells was determined in normoglycemic control rats (C), streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM), and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with pegsunercept (DM + Peg). Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). b: The mean number of cleaved caspase-3-positive cells was determined in normoglycemic control rats (C), ZDF diabetic rats (DM) and ZDF diabetic rats treated with pegsunercept (DM + Peg). Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 5). c: The mean number of TUNEL-positive cells in type 1 diabetic model was determined in normoglycemic control rats (C), streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with pegsunercept (DM + Peg). Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 6). d: The mean number of TUNEL-positive microvascular cells was determined in normoglycemic control rats (C), ZDF diabetic rats (DM) and ZDF diabetic rats treated with pegsunercept (DM + Peg). Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 6). *Statistically significant compared to control (P < 0.05). **Statistically significant as compared with diabetic (P < 0.05).