PLD activation is required for the auxin- and NO-induced AR formation. A, Cucumber explants were treated for 10 min with buffer (C = control), 10 μm IAA, or 500 μm SNAP in the presence or absence of 200 μm cPTIO and 0.1% (v/v) 1-butanol or 2-butanol and subsequently transferred to water for 5 d. B, Explants were treated for 1 h with buffer (C = control) or with buffer plus 5 μm PA C8:0, PC C8:0, PA C16:0, PC C16:0, PA C18:1, or PS C18:1 and subsequently transferred to water for 5 d. Root number values per explant were measured from at least three independent experiments (n = 10 explants per experiment) and expressed as means ± se. Bars with asterisks are significantly different (t test, P < 0.05) from the control treatment.