Table 2.

Frequency of SA-β-Gal staining in different patient groups

Pathology	% SA-β-Gal positive cells	Range
Disc herniation (both regions)	8.5 ± 8.5	0–39
Annulus	5 ± 9.8	0–39
Nucleus	13 ± 12.7	0–37
Discogenic back pain/spondylolisthesis (both regions)	0.9 ± 3.0	0–16
Annulus	0
Nucleus	0.9 ± 3.0	0–16
Scoliosis	0
Post-mortem	1.4 ± 1.4	0–3