A, group data showing the effects of light pulses (10 min) of varying intensities (1.5 × 1013 to 6.1 × 1017 photons cm−2 s−1) on RSNA (left panel, n = 12) and VNA (right panel, n = 16). Light enhanced the RSNA in an intensity-dependent manner (P < 0.0001, dose effect, ANOVA). B, an example of the effects of light (2.1 × 1014 photons cm−2 s−1, 10 min) on RSNA, event counts of the RSNA generated by window discriminator, heart rate (HR), and arterial blood pressure (ABP). C and D, examples of the effects of light (2.1 × 1014 photons cm−2 s−1, 10 min) on the activity of gastric (GVNA; C) and hepatic (HVNA; D) branches of the vagal parasympathetic nerve. *P < 0.05vs. baseline; †P < 0.05 vs. 1.5 × 1013 photons cm−2 s−1.