Figure 9. Group data showing specificity of responses to bicuculline at the hypoglossal motor nucleus.

Responses of respiratory rate (A), phasic diaphragm (DIA) activity (B), the ratio of high to low frequencies in the EEG (C) and neck EMG (D) are shown across all sleep-wake states for microdialysis perfusion of ACSF and bicuculline into the hypoglossal motor nucleus during both room-air and CO₂-stimulated breathing. There are no effects of bicuculline on any parameter in hypercapnia but bicuculline decreased respiratory rate and increased diaphragm activity in room air. See text for further details.