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. 2003 Mar 14;548(Pt 3):859–874. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.038141

Figure 2. dl-Homocysteic acid (DLH) injection into the most rostral region of the VRG (the Bötzinger complex, BotC) elicits a bradypnoea.

Figure 2

A, example of the bradypnoea obtained after 3 nl of 5 mm DLH injected into the VRG 500 μm caudal to the facial nucleus and 100 μm ventral to the dorsal aspect of the VRG. The upper trace shows integrated phrenic nerve activity and the bottom trace shows arterial blood pressure (ABP). The time of DLH injection is indicated by the bar. This injection elicited a bradypnoea and slight increase in ABP. B, the average inspiratory (TI), expiratory (TE) and total cycle (TTOT) times (n = 21) following DLH injection (3 nl, 5 mm) in the rostral bradypnoea area. Values are normalized to their control values (1 on the y-axis). DLH injection occurred at time = 0. *TTOT significantly different from control (determined only for measurements made at the peak effect and then at 5 s intervals from 10 to 35 s; P < 0.05).