Top, representative immunoblot of phosphorylated ERK1 and ERK2 from human skeletal muscle biopsies at rest and during exercise, with (+) or without (−) exogenous adrenaline infusion. Below: ERK1/2 phosphorylation at rest and during 10 min exercise at 60 % V̇O2, peak without (CON) or with adrenaline infusion before and throughout exercise (ADR) or commencing after 3 min of exercise (EX+ADR). Values are means ±s.e.m., n = 6. * Significant difference from −20 min of same trial for ADR or 0 min for CON and EX+ADR; † significant difference from 0 and 3 min of the same trial; ‡ significant difference from corresponding time point for CON and EX +ADR, P < 0.05.