PET,CO2 measured in normal closed-loop (air-breathing) conditions during exercise (0–8 min) before training (day −1) and after training (days +1, +2 and +14). Pre-training (day −1) measurements (also shown in post-training panels for comparison), open symbols; post-training measurements, filled symbols. Values are breath-by-breath data averaged over 20 s intervals, averaged across subjects.