Table 2.
Steady-state rest and exercise values for PET,CO2, 
, fR and VT during closed- and open-loop measurements of the ventilatory response to exercise before and after training, for all three protocols, averaged across subjects
| Protocol EX+CO2 | Protocol EX | Protocol CO2 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PET,CO2 (Torr) |
(1 min −1) |
fR (breaths min−1) | VT (1 min−1) | PET,CO2 (Torr) |
(1 min−1) |
fR (breaths min−1) | VT (1 min−1) | PET,CO2 (Torr) |
(1 min−1) |
fR (breaths min−1) | VT (1 min−1) | |
| Closed-loop rest | ||||||||||||
| Day−1 | 37.0±2.3 | 14.3±2.1 | 15.9±2.5 | 0.93±0.15 | 36.8±1.7 | 15.9±4.1 | 18.3±4.9 | 0.89±0.20 | 37.0±1.6 | 14.5±2.4 | 16.1±2.8 | 0.92±0.14 |
| Day +1 | 36.5±1.9 | 14.8±3.0 | 17.1±3.2 | 0.88±0.14 | 36.2±2.6 | 14.7±2.8 | 17.4±2.5 | 0.86±0.18 | 37.3±1.0 | 14.4±2.3 | 17.2±3.0 | 0.85±0.10 |
| Day +2 | 36.4±2.2 | 15.9±4.1 | 17.6±3.3 | 0.91±0.18 | 37.1±2.6 | 14.3±2.9 | 17.4±3.5 | 0.84±0.12 | 36.6±1.3 | 14.6±2.7 | 17.5±3.3 | 0.85±0.14 |
| Day +14 | 37.0±2.3 | 14.0±3.9 | 16.7±3.0 | 0.85±0.18 | 37.6±1.9 | 15.0±2.3 | 17.5±3.0 | 0.87±0.14 | 36.7±2.2 | 15.0±3.1 | 16.4±2.8 | 0.95±0.15 |
| Closed-loop exercise | ||||||||||||
| Day −1 | 43.8±3.3 | 58.1±7.7 | 25.0±4.6 | 2.40±0.54 | 43.8±3.7 | 59.4±9.0 | 25.4±5.4 | 2.41±0.53 | 44.0±2.2 | 58.3±8.8 | 25.0±5.0 | 2.34±0.50 |
| Day +1 | 42.7±2.8 | 58.4±9.7 | 26.6±5.2 | 2.25±0.51 | 44.0±3.2 | 54.3±7.5 | 24.2±4.3 | 2.31±0.57 | 44.3±2.9 | 57.1±9.6 | 25.2±4.3 | 2.31±0.40 |
| Day +2 | 42.5±2.6 | 58.1±10.5 | 26.4±4.0 | 2.25±0.53 | 43.7±3.4 | 53.8±6.9 | 25.2±5.1 | 2.22±0.62 | 43.6±2.8 | 57.1±8.9 | 25.2±4.6 | 2.31±0.42 |
| Day +14 | 43.5±2.9 | 56.4±12.0 | 26.2±4.2 | 2.20±0.62 | 43.7±2.9 | 57.5±10.5 | 25.8±4.8 | 2.27±0.47 | 43.6±2.7 | 56.0±7.8 | 24.9±3.5 | 2.36±0.57 |
| Open-loop rest | ||||||||||||
| Day−1 | 40.5±1.6 | 25.9±6.0 | 19.7±1.4 | 1.32±0.30 | 40.7±1.9 | 27.4±5.3 | 20.8±2.3 | 1.32±0.27 | 40.1±1.3 | 24.0±4.1 | 19.3±3.0 | 1.28±0.14 |
| Day +1 | 40.2±1.6 | 29.2±10.5 | 21.3±3.1 | 1.35±0.40 | 40.4±1.9 | 24.9±4.4 | 20.4±3.0 | 1.23±0.17 | 40.2±1.2 | 23.9±3.7 | 20.2±2.7 | 1.20±0.19 |
| Day +2 | 40.4±1.5 | 27.6±7.1 | 20.4±2.5 | 1.35±0.28 | 40.5±2.0 | 25.2±5.8 | 20.6±3.3 | 1.22±0.21 | 40.1±1.4 | 24.7±3.6 | 20.4±2.9 | 1.22±0.19 |
| Day +14 | 40.6±1.8 | 25.8±5.7 | 20.8±3.1 | 1.25±0.25 | 40.4±1.9 | 25.6±4.6 | 20.8±2.5 | 1.24±0.24 | 40.2±1.3 | 25.4±8.2 | 19.9±2.2 | 1.29±0.34 |
| Open-loop exercise | ||||||||||||
| Day−1 | 46.8±2.2 | 72.6±13.4 | 27.8±4.7 | 2.66±0.61 | 46.8±2.3 | 75.9±16.5 | 29.0±5.2 | 2.65±0.61 | 46.5±2.1 | 69.4±13.5 | 27.3±5.4 | 2.59±0.49 |
| Day +1 | 46.7±2.1 | 78.8±21.4 | 30.4±4.5 | 2.60±0.67 | 46.9±2.7 | 65.7±7.9 | 26.4±4.0 | 2.54±0.61 | 46.9±2.3 | 70.2±12.7 | 27.7±5.1 | 2.57±0.39 |
| Day +2 | 46.6±2.1 | 76.5±17.6 | 28.7±4.4 | 2.70±0.65 | 46.9±2.2 | 69.5±11.8 | 28.6±5.9 | 2.53±0.59 | 46.6±2.2 | 71.8±14.1 | 28.1±5.1 | 2.58±0.42 |
| Day +14 | 46.9±2.1 | 73.0±16.4 | 29.3±4.7 | 2.53±0.69 | 47.0±2.2 | 73.7±14.1 | 28.6±5.1 | 2.62±0.49 | 46.5±2.1 | 70.7±17.1 | 28.2±3.5 | 2.58±0.66 |
Values are means ±s.d. (steady-state rest values are breath-by-breath data averaged over the last 3 min of rest prior to the onset of exercise; steady-state exercise values are breath-by-breath data averaged over the last 3 min of exercise).