Table 1.

Examples of food natural products known to affect biotransformation pathways.

Compound	Food sources	Effect	Reference:
Chrysin	Fruits, Honey	Induce CYP1A1 Induce UGT1A6 Inhibit UGT	Moon et al., 2006 Galijatovic et al., 2000 Mizuma and Awazu, 2004
Curcumin	Turmeric spice	Induce CYP1A1 Inhibit CYP1A1 Induce UGT1A1 and UGT1A6	Gross-Steinmeyer et al., 2004 Thapliyal and Maru, 2001 Naganuma et al., 2006
3,3′-Di-indolylmethane	Cruciferous vegetables (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts)	Inhibit CYP1A1 Induce CYP1A1	Gross-Steinmeyer et al., 2004
Bergamottin, 6′,7′-Di-hydroxy-bergamottin	Grapefruit	Inhibit CYP3A4	Dahan and Altman 2004
Epigallocatechin gallate	Tea	Induce UGT Inhibit UGT	Xhu et al., 1998 Mizuma and Awazu, 2004
Epicatechin-3-gallate
Genistein	Soybeans, peas, alfalfa	Inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 Inhibit SULT1A1 and SULT1E1	Moon et al., 2006 Wang and James, 2006
Hyperforin	St. John's Wort	Induce CYP3A4	Komoroski et al., 2004
Phenyl isothiocyanate	Cruciferous vegetables	Induce CYP1A1 Induce CYP1A2 Inhibit several CYP isoforms	Gross-Steinmeyer et al., 2004 Nakajima et al., 2001
Quercetin	Onions, apples, other fruits and vegetables	Induce CYP1A1 Inhibit CYP1A2, CYP3A4 Induce UGT Inhibit UGT1A1 Inhibit SULT1A1 and SULT1E1	Moon et al., 2006 Galijatovic et al., 2000 Zhu et al., 1998 Wang and James, 2006