TABLE II.
Effects of Amphiphiles on Bilayer Stiffness and Ion Channel Function
| Superfamily
|
Prokaryotic channel
|
Voltage dependent channels
|
Cys-loop receptors
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Channel type
|
gA
|
VDSC
|
N-type Ca2+
|
BKCa
|
nAChR
|
GABAA
|
|||
| Function | Bilayer stiffness | Activation | Inactivation | Activation | Inactivation | Activation | Desensitization | Muscimol binding |
|
| Positive c0 | Triton X-100 | ↓(a) | 0(a) | ↑(a) | 0(b) | ↑(b) | ↑(c,d) | ↑(e) | |
| β-Octyl glucoside | ↓(a) | 0(a) | ↑(a) | 0(b) | ↑(b) | ↑(d) | ↑(e) | ||
| Pentobarbital | ↓(v) | 0(w) | ↑(w) | 0(x) | ↑(x) | ↑(y) | ↑(m) | ||
| Negative c0 | Capsaicin | ↓(f) | 0↓(f) | ↑(f) | ↑(g) | ↑(e) | |||
| Docosahexaenoic acid | ↓(h) | 0(i) | ↑(i) | ↑(j) | ↑(k) | ↑(l,e) | |||
| Arachidonic acid | ↓(n,o) | 0(u) | ↑(u) | ↑(p) | ↑(p | ↑(q) | ↑(k) | ↑(l) | |
| Cholesterol | ↑(a,r) | ↓(a) | ↓(a) | 0(b) | ↓(b) | ↓(s) | ↓(t) | ↓(e) | |
The effects of structurally different amphiphiles on bilayer stiffness measured using gA channels and on; voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSC); N-type calcium channels (N-type Ca2+); calcium activated potassium channels (BKCa); nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), and GABAA receptors. (a) Lundbæk et al., 2004, (b) Lundbæk et al., 1996, (c) Anwyl and Narahashi, 1980, (d) McCarthy and Moore, 1992, (e) Søgaard et al., 2006, (f) Lundbæk et al., 2005, (g) Ellis et al., 1997, (h) Bruno et al., 2007, (i) Vreugdenhil et al., 1996, (j) Ye et al., 2002, (k) Bouzat and Barrantes, 1993, (l) Witt et al., 1999, (m) Quast and Brenner, 1983, (n) Bruno et al., 2005, (o) Bruno et al., 2006, (p) Liu et al., 2001, (q) Denson et al., 2000, (r) Lundbæk et al., 1996, (s) Chang et al., 1995, (t) Baenziger et al., 2000, (u) Lee et al., 2002, (v) Sun, Y., V. Jogini, and O.S. Andersen. 2002. Biophys. J. 82:550a, (w) Rehberg et al., 1995, (x) Gundersen et al., 1988, (y) Firestone et al., 1994. Table modified from Søgaard et al. (2006).