Table 1.

Lesion, demographic, and psychometric data for the MTL/D patients

						WMS		WCST
Patient	Locus	Etiology	Age	Education	VIQ	GM	WM	Cat.	PE	FAS	Trails B
JM	Bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus; right amygdala	Anoxia	52	12	82	52*	91	4	63*	29	195*
PD	Cerebral and cerebellar atrophy	Anoxia	65	20	111	52*	83	6	5	43	110
PS	Bilateral hippocampus, cerebral atrophy	Anoxia	44	14	90	45*	93	6	12	40	69
RL	Bilateral hippocampus, possibly left posterior putamen	Anoxia	73	18	122	75*	102	6	14	25	102
WS	Bilateral hippocampus	Anoxia	55	14	111	59*	96	6	7	36	60
SS	Bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, putamen, insula, basal forebrain, septum, and nearby white matter; left frontal lobe	Encephalitis	74	18	133	45*	141	6	6	50	65
TR	Bilateral hippocampus	Encephalitis	71	16	112	47*	88	1*	8	19*	211
CW	Bilateral anterior thalamus; cortical atrophy	Stroke	61	12	84	73	99	1*	37*	50	72
PB	Cerebral atrophy	Korsakoff	75	14	99	59*	115	5	79*	8*	194
RG	Cerebral atrophy	Korsakoff	84	10	100	72	91	0*	87*	26	50
RM	Not scanned	Korsakoff	82	14	107	66*	121	6	24	36	76
WK	No significant abnormalities	Korsakoff	61	16	92	47*	85	4	29	15*	58
Mean			66	15	104	58	100	4	31	31	105

Age and Education in Years. VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - III (Wechsler, 1997) or the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (1999); GM = General Memory index, WM = Working Memory index, from the Wechsler Memory Scale - III (1997); WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Heaton, 1981), Cat = Categories, PE = Perseverative Errors; FAS = Controlled Oral Word Association Test (Spreen & Benton, 1977); Trails B = Trailmaking test, Part B, in seconds (Lezak, 1995).

^*= at least two standard deviations away from the normative mean.