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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008 Mar;135(3):603–609. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.09.045

Figure 4.

Figure 4

VSD patch closure demonstration ex vivo (left column) and sequence of the RT3DE images acquired during the procedure (right column), view from the left ventricle. A, B, The patch is delivered through an introducer sheath towards the VSD (yellow arrowhead). C, D, After the frame expands (blue arrowheads) and the patch covers the VSD, it is attached to the ventricular septum by the Nitinol mini-anchors (blue dots). Note segmented polymer coating of the anchor deployment device for optimizing the instrument visualization under ultrasound. E, F, All the anchors are deployed, and the patch is completely attached to septum closing the VSD. G, H. The release wire is removed, and the frame is withdrawn into the introducer sheath. The patch (red arrowheads) is left attached to septum. I, J, Final view, the patch and the anchors (blue dots). RT3DE, real-time three-dimensional echocardiography; VSD, ventricular septal defect.