. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Vocat Behav. 2008 Apr;72(2):254–267. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2007.04.005

Table 4.

Fixed-Effects Method Sub-Group Analyses

	N	k	r_c	SDc	(95% LCI	95% UCI)	Q
Behavioral
Performance-Youth	2319	12	.05^*	.03	(.01	.10)	12.31
Performance-Workplace	6487	11	.06^*	.12	(.03	.09)	76.69^*
Performance-Academic	1444	8	.19^*	.22	(.13	.26)	55.06^*
Withdrawal behavior-Youth	1877	9	−.08^*	.00	(−.13	−.02)	6.98
Withdrawal behavior-Workplace	1458	4	−.03	.12	(−.11	.05)	16.45^*
Withdrawal behavior-Academic	1088	5	−.11^*	.11	(−.19	−.02)	11.62^*
Helping others-Youth	961	3	.12	.00	(−.02	.26)	1.60
Helping others-Workplace	1653	5	.26^*	.13	(.19	.33)	26.31^*
Attitudinal
Situational satisfaction & attachment-Workplace	14603	24	.16^*	.08	(.15	.18)	90.48^*
Situational satisfaction & attachment-Academic	2091	7	.11^*	.03	(.06	.17)	7.36
School attitudes-Youth	3207	8	.14^*	.12	(.10	.18)	46.94^*
School attitudes-Academic	1038	3	.36^*	.42	(.22	.49)	102.17^*
Health-related
Psychological stress & strain-Youth	2820	9	−.03	.04	(−.07	.02)	11.93
Psychological stress & strain-Workplace	3146	9	−.07^*	.06	(−.11	−.03)	17.56
Interpersonal
Interpersonal relations-Youth	4991	11	.07^*	.06	(.04	.10)	26.70^*
Interpersonal relations-Workplace	3359	10	.19^*	.10	(.15	.23)	34.86^*
Motivational
Motivation/involvement-Youth	1166	3	.04	.05	(−.09	.16)	2.94
Motivation/involvement-Workplace	350	7	.12^*	.08	(.09	.14)	26.69^*
Motivation/involvement-Academic	1444	9	.14^*	.13	(.08	.20)	26.64^*

p<.05.

Note. N = cumulative sample size; k = number of studies cumulated; r_c = sample-size weighted corrected correlation; SDc = standard deviation of r_c; LCI = lower bound of confidence interval; UCI = upper bound of confidence interval; Q = Q statistic.