Table 3.
Change in perceived neighborhood characteristics, perceived social support provided in past month, neighborhood cohesion score and intrapersonal factors for non-owners at baseline by dog ownership status at one year follow-up
| Physical environmental sub-scales: | % New dog owners (n = 92) | % Continuing non-owners (n = 681) | p value |
| Land use mix-access | |||
| No change | 45.7 | 48.4 | 0.596 |
| Increase | 14.1 | 10.6 | |
| Decrease | 40.2 | 40.9 | |
| Aesthetics | |||
| No change | 53.8 | 48.3 | 0.423 |
| Increase | 25.3 | 32.0 | |
| Decrease | 20.9 | 19.7 | |
| Walking facilities | |||
| No change | 57.6 | 54.7 | 0.810 |
| Increase | 22.8 | 25.9 | |
| Decrease | 19.6 | 19.4 | |
| Park or nature reserve that's easily accessible | |||
| No change | 58.7 | 53.0 | 0.582 |
| Increase | 28.3 | 31.8 | |
| Decrease | 13.0 | 15.2 | |
| Street connectivity | |||
| No change | 56.5 | 61.9 | 0.164 |
| Increase | 22.8 | 24.8 | |
| Decrease | 20.7 | 13.3 | |
| Pedestrian/traffic safety | |||
| No change | 53.8 | 47.7 | 0.200 |
| Increase | 24.2 | 33.5 | |
| Decrease | 22.0 | 18.8 | |
| Crime safety | |||
| No change | 50.0 | 48.7 | 0.801 |
| Increase | 40.2 | 43.1 | |
| Decrease | 9.8 | 8.1 | |
| Design of new neighborhood | |||
| Conventional | 53.3 | 51.0 | 0.913 |
| Hybrid | 18.5 | 19.0 | |
| Liveable | 28.3 | 30.0 | |
| Social environmental sub-scales: | |||
| Social support from family for walking | |||
| No change | 33.3 | 37.6 | 0.244 |
| Increase | 44.0 | 34.8 | |
| Decrease | 22.6 | 27.6 | |
| Social support from family for walking | |||
| No change | 57.1 | 8.8 | 0.288 |
| Increase | 17.9 | 22.7 | |
| Decrease | 25.0 | 18.5 | |
| Social support from friends for other physical activity | |||
| No change | 36.6 | 41.3 | 0.684 |
| Increase | 35.4 | 33.8 | |
| Decrease | 28.0 | 24.8 | |
| Social support from friends for other physical activity | |||
| No change | 51.2 | 56.4 | 0.398 |
| Increase | 22.0 | 23.3 | |
| Decrease | 26.8 | 20.4 | |
| Neighborhood social cohesion | |||
| No change | 38.5 | 47.1 | 0.154 |
| Increase | 48.4 | 44.6 | |
| Decrease | 13.2 | 8.3 | |
| Intrapersonal items and sub-scales: | |||
| Intention to walk for total 30 mins on ≥ 5 days/week | |||
| No change | 19.6 | 31.3 | 0.001 |
| Increase | 58.7 | 37.7 | |
| Decrease | 21.7 | 31.0 | |
| Intention to do vigorous leisure time physical activity | |||
| for total three 20 min sessions/week | |||
| No change | 28.3 | 32.6 | 0.378 |
| Increase | 30.4 | 33.4 | |
| Decrease | 41.3 | 34.0 | |
| Intention to do other moderate leisure time physical | |||
| activity for total 30 mins on ≥ 5 days/week | |||
| No change | 20.7 | 28.5 | 0.178 |
| Increase | 37.0 | 37.5 | |
| Decrease | 42.4 | 34.0 | |
| Enjoyment of walking in neighborhood | |||
| No change | 60.4 | 57.6 | 0.860 |
| Increase | 16.5 | 18.5 | |
| Decrease | 23.1 | 23.9 | |
| Attitude toward process of trying to walk on most days | |||
| No change | 40.2 | 44.6 | 0.699 |
| Increase | 39.1 | 35.2 | |
| Decrease | 20.7 | 20.2 | |
| Self-efficacy | |||
| No change | 40.7 | 50.2 | 0.016 |
| Increase | 34.1 | 20.7 | |
| Decrease | 25.3 | 29.0 | |
| Perceived behavioral control | |||
| No change | 28.3 | 36.1 | 0.089 |
| Increase | 47.8 | 36.1 | |
| Decrease | 23.9 | 27.8 | |
| Behavioral skills | |||
| No change | 51.1 | 46.4 | 0.049 |
| Increase | 30.4 | 23.3 | |
| Decrease | 18.5 | 30.3 | |