Table 2.
Size comparisons of modern wild and domesticated sunflower (H. annuus) achenes from Mexico and the United States*
| Sunflower population | No. | Achene length, mm |
Achene width, mm |
μ index, l × w | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min. | μ | Max. | σ | Min. | μ | Max. | σ | |||
| U.S. wild† | 500 | 4.12 | 5.17 | 6.72 | 0.53 | 1.78 | 2.53 | 3.08 | 0.25 | 13.08 |
| Mexican wild‡ | 456 | 3.14 | 4.11 | 4.88 | 0.31 | 1.42 | 1.99 | 2.52 | 0.23 | 8.17 |
| U.S. commercial§ | 200 | 9.68 | 12.91 | 15.58 | 0.74 | 5.44 | 8.44 | 12.24 | 1.5 | 108.96 |
| U.S. indigenous¶ | 300 | 7.98 | 11.59 | 15.58 | 1.11 | 4.08 | 7.17 | 11.26 | 1.47 | 83.1 |
| Mexican indigenous‖ | 292 | 8.12 | 10.71 | 15.42 | 1.28 | 3.24 | 5.23 | 8.64 | 1.21 | 56.01 |
*Dimensions presented here are similar to other published datasets (29, 30) for domesticated and wild sunflower achenes.
†Wild populations collected by Lentz in Illinois, Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas. Kentucky populations were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
‡Wild populations collected by Lentz and Bye in Tamaulipas, Coahuila, Veracruz, Durango, and Nuevo Leon.
§Mammoth Russian and Super Snack Hybrid cultivars purchased from Burpee & Co.
¶Hidatsa, Mandan, and Seneca domesticated landraces obtained from the USDA.
‖Raramuri (Tarahumara), Nahua, and Mixe domesticated landraces collected by Lentz and Bye.