Table 3. Clinicopathologic correlation with the methylation of DRM/Gremlin, HPP1 and RUNX3 in adult solid tumours.
| Clinicopathologic features | DRM/Gremlin methylation (%) | P a | HPP1 methylation (%) | P | RUNX3 methylation (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung cancers | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male (n=88b) | 68 (77) | 0.008 | 25 (28) | 0.3 | 18 (20) | 0.9 |
| Female (n=35) | 18 (51) | 14 (40) | 7 (20) | |||
| Age c | ||||||
| ⩽65 (n=60) | 42 (70) | 0.9 | 19 (32) | 0.9 | 13 (22) | 0.8 |
| >65 (n=63) | 44 (70) | 20 (32) | 12 (19) | |||
| Smoking history | ||||||
| Nonsmoker (n=26) | 12 (46) | 0.007 | 8 (31) | 0.9 | 5 (19) | |
| Smoker (n=97) | 74 (76) | 31 (32) | 20 (21) | 0.9 | ||
| Histology | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma (n=60) | 38 (63) | 18 (30) | 13 (22) | |||
| Squamous cell ca. (n=51) | 40 (78) | 15 (29) | 8 (16) | |||
| Large cell ca. (n=6) | 5 (83) | 4 (67) | 4 (67) | |||
| Small cell ca. (n=5) | 3 (60) | 2 (40) | 0 (0) | |||
| Carcinoid (n=18) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||
| Postsurgical stage | ||||||
| Stages I and II (n=52) | 42 (81) | 0.03 | 19 (36) | 0.3 | 8 (15) | 0.3 |
| Stages III and IV (n=71) | 44 (62) | 20 (28) | 17 (24) | |||
| Breast cancers | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| ⩽53 (n=17) | 5 (29) | 0.009 | 3 (18) | 0.08 | 2 (12) | 0.2 |
| >53 (n=20) | 15 (75) | 10 (50) | 6 (30) | |||
| Postsurgical stage | ||||||
| Stages I and IIA (n=21) | 9 (43) | 0.1 | 5 (24) | 0.2 | 5 (24) | 0.9 |
| Stages IIB and IIIA (n=16) | 11 (69) | 8 (50) | 3 (19) | |||
| Estrogen receptor status | ||||||
| Positive (n=22) | 14 (64) | 0.4 | 11 (50) | 0.08 | 8 (36) | 0.02 |
| Negative (n=11) | 6 (55) | 2 (18) | 0 (0) | |||
| Progesterone receptor status | ||||||
| Positive (n=20) | 13 (65) | 0.4 | 10 (50) | 0.1 | 7 (35) | 0.08 |
| Negative (n=13) | 7 (54) | 3 (23) | 1 (8) | |||
| Bladder cancers | ||||||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male (n=36) | 19 (53) | 0.8 | 12 (33) | 0.8 | 14 (39) | 0.6 |
| Female (n=21) | 10 (48) | 8 (38) | 10 (48) | |||
| Age | ||||||
| ⩽67 (n=29) | 14 (48) | 0.8 | 10 (34) | 0.9 | 12 (41) | 0.9 |
| >67 (n=28) | 15 (54) | 10 (36) | 12 (43) | |||
| Grade | ||||||
| Grades 1 and 2 (n=13) | 5 (38) | 0.5 | 2 (15) | 0.2 | 2 (15) | 0.05 |
| Grade 3 (n=43) | 23 (53) | 17 (40) | 21 (49) | |||
| Growth pattern | ||||||
| Nonpapillary (n=26) | 15 (58) | 0.4 | 10 (38) | 0.8 | 13 (50) | 0.3 |
| Papillary (n=31) | 14 (45) | 10 (32) | 11 (35) | |||
| Muscle invasion | ||||||
| Noninvasion (n=18) | 7 (39) | 0.3 | 3 (17) | 0.07 | 4 (22) | 0.048 |
| Invasion (n=39) | 22 (56) | 17 (44) | 20 (51) | |||
| Stage | ||||||
| Stages 0–II (n=16) | 4 (25) | 0.03 | 1 (6) | 0.003 | 3 (19) | 0.1 |
| Stages III and IV (n=30) | 18 (60) | 15 (50) | 14 (47) | |||
| Prostate cancers | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| ⩽64 (n=27) | 6 (22) | 0.7 | 7 (26) | 0.2 | 1 (4) | 0.2 |
| >64 (n=26) | 4 (15) | 12 (46) | 4 (15) | |||
| Gleason score | ||||||
| ⩽6 (n=22) | 6 (27) | 0.3 | 11 (50) | 0.2 | 1 (5) | 0.4 |
| ⩾7 (n=28) | 4 (14) | 8 (29) | 4 (14) | |||
| Preoperative serum PSA d | ||||||
| ⩽7.5 ng/ml (n=25) | 5 (20) | 0.7 | 8 (32) | 0.9 | 2 (8) | 0.9 |
| ⩾7.5 ng/ml (n=22) | 3 (14) | 7 (32) | 2 (9) | |||
a
Fisher’s exact probability test.
b
Detailed data were available on the number in parentheses.
c
Devided by median age.
d
Prostate-specific antigen.