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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Mar 14.
Published in final edited form as: Mol Cell. 2008 Mar 14;29(5):541–551. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.12.023

Figure 3. Analysis of UPR in a cortical tuber dissected from a 3 year-old patient with tuberous sclerosis.

Figure 3

(A) Vimentin and phospho-S6 (ser235/236) staining of the tuber identify enlarged glial cells in which the mTORC1 pathway has been activated. Adjacent tissue contains many weakly-vimentin positive astroglia that do not contain phospho-S6 immunoreactivity. (B) Vimentin and phospho-eIF2α (ser51) staining in a tuber shows an enlarged cell that contains immunoreactivity for both glial marker vimentin and UPR marker phospho-eIF2α. (C) SMI-311 and phospho-eIF2α staining in a tuber shows an enlarged neuron, which contains immunoreactivity for the UPR marker phospho-eIF2α (ser51). Scale bar represents 50μm (D) SMI-311 and GRP78 staining in a tuber section shows several enlarged neurons that are immuno-reactive for the UPR marker GRP78. Scale bar represents 20μm.