Table 3. Relative rates (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the relation between antihypertensive medication use and renal cell cancer (RCC) by years of follow-up in North Jutland County, 1989–2002.
| Years of follow-up |
<1 year
|
1–4 years
|
5+ years
|
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number RCC | Person- years | RRa | 95% CI | Number RCC | Person- years | RRa | 95% CI | Number RCC | Person- years | RRa | 95% CI | |
| Any hypertensive | 33 | 95 484 | 2.0 | (1.4–2.9) | 89 | 323 680 | 1.6 | (1.2–2.0) | 69 | 287 264 | 1.4 | (1.0–1.8) |
| ACE inhibitor | 12 | 26 154 | 2.3 | (1.3–4.2) | 30 | 71 859 | 2.2 | (1.5–3.2) | 10 | 49 084 | 1.1 | (0.6–2.1) |
| Angiotensin II antagonist | 4 | 12 072 | 1.9 | (0.7–5.0) | 5 | 27 022 | 1.0 | (0.4–2.5) | 0 | 4362 | 0.0 | — |
| Beta blocker | 14 | 37 211 | 2.2 | (1.3–3.8) | 34 | 114 335 | 1.7 | (1.2–2.5) | 24 | 94 425 | 1.4 | (0.9–2.1) |
| Calcium antagonist | 9 | 30 749 | 1.4 | (0.7–2.7) | 31 | 96 677 | 1.5 | (1.0–2.2) | 19 | 68 288 | 1.2 | (0.7–2.0) |
| Diuretic | 22 | 71 157 | 1.7 | (1.1–2.6) | 70 | 227 812 | 1.7 | (1.3–2.2) | 46 | 190 501 | 1.4 | (1.0–1.9) |
| Thiazides | 7 | 40 613 | 0.9 | (0.4–1.9) | 36 | 120 761 | 1.5 | (1.1–2.2) | 19 | 87 516 | 1.1 | (0.7–1.8) |
| Sulphonamides and other low-ceiling diuretics | 1 | 4257 | 1.3 | (0.2–9.2) | 3 | 15 006 | 1.1 | (0.3–3.4) | 5 | 16 144 | 1.7 | (0.7–4.1) |
| Loop (high-ceiling) diuretics | 17 | 30 512 | 2.5 | (1.5–4.1) | 37 | 84 227 | 2.1 | (1.5–3.0) | 16 | 53 572 | 1.6 | (0.9–2.7) |
| Potassium-sparing agents | 9 | 6338 | 6.0 | (3.1–11.8) | 5 | 14 607 | 1.5 | (0.6–3.7) | 1 | 9606 | 0.5 | (0.1–3.6) |
| Diuretics and potassium-sparing agents in combination | 5 | 13 457 | 2.1 | (0.9–5.1) | 12 | 48 587 | 1.4 | (0.8–2.5) | 8 | 49 393 | 0.9 | (0.4–1.8) |
a
All analyses adjusted for age, gender and calendar period.