Table 2. Cause-specific mortality by smoking habit, standardised indirectly for age and study year: cancers uncertainly related to smoking.

		Mortality per 100 000 per year								Standardised tests for trend (χ2 on 1 df)a
		Lifelong nonsmoker	Cigarette smokers, no other habit					Other smokers
			Former	Current	Current, cigarettes per day			Former	Current	N/X/S	Amount
Type of cancer	No. of deaths				1–14	15–24	⩾25
Prostateb	878	89.4	80.9	90.0	66.7	99.6	113.3	85.9	94.9	0.67	0.52
Colorectalb	750	52.5	76.1	81.9	73.2	66.6	116.8	81.6	77.7	7.86	14.27
Colonb	549	41.1	58.6	54.5	57.2	46.6	62.3	63.2	52.2	0.89	1.60
Rectumb	201	11.3	17.5	27.1	16.3	19.9	53.5	18.3	25.4	14.91	25.99
Colorectalc	263	81.8	142.1	132.8	195.6	148.8	30.8	159.4	122.1	2.53	0.39
Colonc	202	61.4	117.3	82.4	120.5	105.3	0.0	126.4	80.1	0.47	0.00
Rectumc	61	20.4	24.9	51.2	77.1	43.9	30.5	33.1	42.3	4.26	1.38
Rectumc,d	61	21.4	24.9	46.8	72.3	39.8	27.5	33.7	40.4	3.46	0.01

^aValues of χ² on 1 df (degree of freedom) between lifelong nonsmokers, ex-smokers and continuing smokers and between lifelong nonsmokers and light, moderate and heavy cigarette smokers.

^b1951–2001.

^c1978–2001.

^dAdjusted for alcohol.