Table 1.
E. angustifolia
|
E. pallida
|
E. purpurea
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
μg/mg of extracta | % metabolitesb | μg/mouse/dayc | μg/mg of extracta | % metabolitesb | μg/mouse/dayc | μg/mg of extracta | % metabolitesb | μg/mouse/dayc | |
Amide 1 | 1.620 | 1.50 | 5.447 | ND | 6.708 | 7.86 | 22.550 | ||
Amide 2 | 1.161 | 1.08 | 3.904 | 6.443 | 21.83 | 21.660 | 12.471 | 14.27 | 41.921 |
Amide 3 | 3.319 | 3.08 | 11.158 | 1.626 | 5.51 | 5.466 | 12.532 | 14.34 | 42.127 |
Amide 4 | 0.488 | 0.45 | 1.639 | 1.403 | 4.75 | 4.715 | 6.148 | 7.08 | 20.789 |
Amide 5 | 2.531 | 2.36 | 8.507 | 0.704 | 2.38 | 2.367 | 2.483 | 2.84 | 8.347 |
Amide 7 | ND | ND | 3.619 | 4.14 | 12.167 | ||||
Amide 8 | 55.425 | 51.47 | 196.319 | ND | 21.573 | 24.69 | 75.521 | ||
Amide 9 | 7.685 | 7.14 | 25.835 | 6.885 | 23.32 | 23.146 | 12.477 | 12.28 | 41.942 |
Amide 10 | 5.334 | 4.95 | 17.931 | 0.431 | 1.46 | 1.449 | 0.905 | 1.04 | 3.042 |
Amide 11 | 13.306 | 12.36 | 44.730 | 0.713 | 2.42 | 2.398 | 0.782 | 0.90 | 2.630 |
Amide 12 | 4.055 | 3.77 | 13.631 | ND | ND | ||||
Amide 13 | 3843 | 3.56 | 12.888 | ND | ND | ||||
Amide 14 | 3.011 | 2.80 | 10.121 | ND | ND | ||||
Total amides | 101.769 | 94.499 | 342.110 | 18.206 | 61.673 | 61.200 | 79.734 | 91.256 | 268.036 |
Caftaric acid | ND | 0.543 | 1.84 | 1.824 | 1.184 | 1.36 | 3.980 | ||
Chlorogenic acid | 0.473 | 0.44 | 1.590 | 1.357 | 4.60 | 4.563 | ND | ||
Cynarin | 1.929 | 1.79 | 6.48. | ND | ND | ||||
Echinacoside | 3.523 | 3.27 | 11.84. | 8.350 | 28.29 | 28.069 | ND | ||
Cichoric acid | ND | 1.064 | 3.60 | 3.577 | 6.456 | 7.39 | 21.702 | ||
Total caffeic acid derivatives | 5.924 | 5.50 | 19.916 | 11.314 | 38.33 | 38.033 | 7.640 | 8.74 | 25.682 |
Total metabolites | 107.694 | 100 | 362.025 | 29.520 | 100 | 99.234 | 87.374 | 100 | 293.719 |
ND, not detected.
Average of duplicate determinations.
% metabolites = (concentration of individual metabolite/concentration of total metabolites) × 100.
Intake of individual metabolite for each mouse on each day of oral Echinacea administration.