TABLE 1.

Maternal Parity, Ethnicity, and Psychoactive Substance Use in Pregnancy and Infant Gestational Age and Size by Level of Cocaine Exposure

	Exposure to Cocaine
	Nonuse n = 109	Lighter n = 87	Heavier n = 45	P
Primiparous	44%	28%	33%	.05
African-American/African Caribbean	91%	82%	84%	.16
Marijuana use	8.00%	35.00%	38.00%	.001
Average daily cigarettes*	0.51 (1.57)	3.22 (2.24)	6.5 (1.96)	.001
Average daily volume of alcohol (oz)*	0.002 (0.01)	0.14 (0.48)	0.37 (0.90)	.001
Mean Dubowitz gestational age (wk)*	40.3 (1.1)	39.8 (1.3)	39.8 (1.1)	.012
Birth weight z scores for gender*	0.21 (1.11)	−0.41 (0.90)	−0.65 (0.97)	.0001
Length z scores for gender*	−0.37 (0.93)	−0.91 (0.91)	−1.37 (1.10)	.0001
Head circumference z scores for gender*	0.02 (1.03)	−0.41 (1.05)	−0.74 (1.00)	.0001

^*Mean (SD).