Tissue homogenates from accepted renal allografts and isografts were evaluated by real time RT-PCR for presence of Foxp3 mRNA before (control), 30, 60–90, and 150 days after transplant. There was significant elevation of Foxp3 expression in day 30 allografts (Students two sided t-test, p=0.005), but Foxp3 expression returned to baseline by day 150 post-transplant.