Table 2.
Validation of methods of predicting % body fat compared to the 3C model
| Method | % fat ( ± SD) | Slope | Intercept | CE | r | SEE | TE | Limits | |
| 3C | 16.3 ± 4.7 | ||||||||
| Field | MC | 13.6 ± 4.1 | 0.71 | 6.71 | 2.69* | 0.62 | 3.78 | 4.7† | 5.00, -10.38 |
| NAF | 13.4 ± 4.9 | 0.55 | 8.86 | 2.86* | 0.57 | 3.96 | 5.2† | 5.87, -11.60 | |
| A | 14.3 ± 4.4 | 0.60 | 7.68 | 1.96 | 0.57 | 3.97 | 4.7† | 6.44, -10.36 | |
| Friedl | 14.4 ± 4.7 | 0.57 | 8.01 | 1.86 | 0.57 | 3.94 | 4.7† | 6.69, -10.42 | |
| NIR | 14.3 ± 4.6 | 0.50 | 9.16 | 1.98 | 0.49 | 4.20 | 5.1† | 7.30, -11.27 | |
| BIA-AK | 17.1 ± 4.5 | 0.95 | 0.05 | -0.78 | 0.91 | 2.00 | 2.1 | 4.65, -3.09 | |
| BIA-Lohman | 16.0 ± 4.0 | 1.07 | -0.74 | 0.33 | 0.90 | 2.14 | 2.1 | 3.83, -4.48 | |
| Lab | BP | 16.3 ± 5.5 | 0.75 | 4.12 | 0.04 | 0.86 | 2.42 | 2.7 | 5.35, -5.43 |
| HW | 15.8 ± 4.7 | 0.87 | 2.51 | 0.53 | 0.86 | 2.44 | 2.5 | 4.31, -5.36 | |
* Represents significance (p < 0.0055), † Represents an unacceptable TE (TE > 4.0% BF)
CE = Constant error, TE = Total error, SEE = Standard error of estimate, r = Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Limits = 95% limits of agreement (CE ± 1.96 SD of residual scores (predicted-actual))
% Fat = (body mass - fat free mass)/body mass
3C %fat [3] = [(2.118/body density) - [0.78 × (total body water in L/body mass in kg)] - 1.354] × 100
MC – Marine Corps [18], %fat = (0.740 × abdominal circumference in cm) - (1.249 × neck circumference in cm) + 0.985
NAF – Navy and Air Force [21], % fat = [(4.95/body density) - 4.5] × 100
NAF [20], body density = [0.155 × log (height in cm)] - [0.191 × log (abdominal - neck circumference in cm)] + 1.032
Army [19], %fat = [76.5 × log (abdominal - neck circumference in cm)] - [68.7 × log (height in cm)] + 43.7
Friedl [8], %fat = [0.771 × (abdominal - neck circumference in cm)] - (0.132 × height in cm) + 4.29
NIR = Near-infrared interactance (Futrex 6100/XL)
BIA = Bioelectrical impedance analysis (RJL Systems Quantum II)
AK = Computer-generated from BodyGram™ Version 1.31 (Akern Bioresearch)
Lohman [12], fat free mass (kg) = [0.485 × (height in cm2/resistance in Ω)] + [0.338 × (body mass in kg)] + 5.32
BP = BOD POD® [4], %fat = [(4.57/body density) - 4.142] × 100
HW = Hydrostatic weighing [4], %fat = [(4.57/body density) - 4.142] × 100